What does "hardwired" refer to in electrical installations?

The term "hardwired" in electrical installations specifically refers to devices that are permanently connected to the electrical system. This means that these devices are integrated into the building's wiring and typically require electrical connections to be made directly to circuit wires. Hardwired devices are often installed in a way that makes them less prone to failure due to external factors and ensures a stable and consistent power supply, unlike removable or battery-operated devices.

In contrast, easily removable devices might be plugged into outlets, battery-operated devices rely on batteries for power, and devices that use wireless connections do not require physical wiring to the electrical system. Thus, "hardwired" highlights the permanent and direct integration of devices into the electrical infrastructure.