What is the difference between a series and parallel circuit?

The distinction between series and parallel circuits is fundamental in electrical engineering. In a series circuit, components are indeed connected end-to-end, which means that the same current flows through all components. If one component fails or is removed, the entire circuit becomes open, stopping the current flow. This arrangement results in the voltage across the components being divided depending on their resistance.

In a parallel circuit, components are connected across the same voltage source, allowing each component to operate independently. This means that if one component fails, the others can continue to function, as they each have their own direct path to the voltage source. The voltage across each component remains equal to the source voltage, while the total current is the sum of the currents through each component.

Both of these statements accurately convey the characteristics of series and parallel circuits, making the correct choice that both are correct. Understanding these differences is essential for analyzing circuit behavior and designing efficient electrical systems.